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Dialectics of Nature  1. INTRODUCTION  MODERN natural science, which alone has achieved an all-round systematic and scientific development, as contrasted with the brilliant natural-philosophical intuitions of antiquity and the extremely important but sporadic discoveries of the Arabs, which for the most part vanished without results - this modern natural science dates, like all more recent history, from that mighty epoch which we Germans term the Reformation, from the national misfortune that overtook us at that time, and which the French term the Renaissance and the Italians the Cinquecento, although it is not fully expressed by any of these names. It is the epoch which had its rise in the last half of the fifteenth century. Royalty, with the support of the burghers of the towns, broke the power of the feudal nobility and established the great monarchies, based essentially on nationality, within which the modern European nations and modern bourgeois society came to develo...
Frederick Engels'  Dialectics of Nature  Table of Contents  Preface 1.  , by J. B. S. Haldane  Introduction1.   Dialectics2.   Basic Form of Motion3.   The Measure of Motion - Work4.   Heat5.   Electricity6.   Dialectics of Nature - Notes7.   Tidal Friction, Kant and Thomson-Tait on the Rotation of the Earth and Lunar Attraction8.  The Part Played by Labour in the Transition from Ape to Man9.   Natural Science and the Spirit World10.    Appendices  Notes to Anti-Dühring1.   Source References2.   3.  Bibliography  Transcribed 1998/2001 for MEIA by  slr@marx.org ,  jjazz@hwcn.org .  Marx Engels Archive | Preface  1883-Dialectics of Nature-Index  http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1883/don/index.htm  [06/06/2002 16:25:59]  Engels' Dialectics of Nature  Preface  MARXISM has a two-...

မာ့က္စ္-လီနင္-ေမာ္ ၀ါဒေလ့လာေရးမွတ္စု (တတိယပိုင္း)

Forms of Armed Revolution  “The seizure of power by armed force, the settlement of the issue by war, is the central task and the highest form of revolution. This Marxist-Leninist principle of revolution holds good universally, for C and for all other countries.  လက္နက္ကိုင္ေတာ္လွန္ေရးပုံစံမ်ား "လက္နက္ကိုင္တပ္ျဖင့္ အာဏာကို သိမ္းယူျခင္း၊ ျပႆနာကို စစ္ျဖင့္ေျဖရွင္းျခင္းသည္ ေတာ္လွန္ေရး၏ အဓိကအက်ဆုံးလုပ္ငန္းတာ၀န္ႏွင့္ အဆင့္အျမင့္ဆုံးပုံစံျဖစ္သည္။ မာ့က္စ္-လီနင္ေတာ္လွန္ေရး သေဘာတရားသည္ ကြန္ျမဴနစ္ႏိုင္ငံမ်ားအတြက္သာမက အျခားႏိုင္ငံမ်ားအတြက္ပါ အကၽြင္းမဲ့ေကာင္းမြန္သည္။ “But while the principle remains the same, its application by the party of the proletariat finds expression in varying ways according to the varying conditions. Internally, capitalist countries practise bourgeois democracy (not feudalism) when they are not fascist or not at war; in their external relations, they are not oppressed by, but themselves oppress, other nations. Because of these characteristic...